Estado Novo, which will be one of the longest-surviving authoritarian regimes in European history, is installed in Portugal. This will have a profound effect on Portugal’s African colonies (the future Angola, Cabo Verde, Guinea-Bissau, Mozambique and São Tomé and Príncipe). Seeking an illusion of empire, the government, which will last until 1974, sees its African possessions not as colonies but as parts of Portugal itself, and will refuse to consider their independence long after Britain and France acknowledge the historical inevitability of Africans' self-determination. (pic: São Tomé and Príncipe)